Naming Conventions on the 1777 Lotter and Sauthier Map of NY & NJ

We’re taking a look at toponyms in the Kwenitekw valley through the eyes of late 18th-century British cartographers with the 1777 Lotter and Sauthier Map of New York and New Jersey. It was published at the same time that the Republic of Vermont declared independence from British claims of jurisdiction in New York, New Hampshire, and Quebec (also 1777). Examining the mid-river valley, noted here are some Native-origin and historically variant names (some in spelling) in the Kwenitekw/Connecticut River valley. They are listed with versions from then and now, and listed north to south traveling nahaiwi/downstream from today’s Hanover, NH to Vernon, VT:

Dartmouth College - Hanover (the College founded by Eleazar Wheelock as a school for Natives came first)

Libanon - Lebanon (a possible transcription error?)

Mascony Brook - Mascoma River (version of an Abenaki referential for an area Sokwaki leader, with possible connections to mskwamagw/salmon)

Waterchuichi Falls - Ottauquechee Falls (spelling variant, from Abenaki adagkwejitegw/uncertain sinking river)

Juill's Brook - Lull's Brook (transcription error? Lull is sometimes claimed to be Hartland VT’s “first European settler”, but Oliver Willard holds that status)

Ascutney Mt - Ascutney Mountain (same) a derivative of Abenaki pmapskadena/a rocky mountain place, or, kaskadena/a wide mountain)

Clearmount - Claremont (transcription error?)

Ashley - Ashley's Ferry Landing (former prominent riverside location in Claremont)

Caschilchawage Mount - Skitchewaug Mountain (variant of Abenaki kchiwajok/at the great mountain)

Charlestown or No. 4 - Charlestown (a 1740’s fortified British frontier settlement - Fort at No. 4 - and active Abenaki trading center)

Great Falls Mt. - Fall Mountain (shortened form, referring to the adjacent Abenaki referenced Kchi Pôntekw/Great Falls)

Meeting Walpole - Walpole (possibly mistakenly referencing the prominent meeting house in the town)

Fulham - Dummerston (original NH grant’s 1753 chartered name)

Brattleborough - Brattleboro (shortened form, with many others by Federal mandate in 1876)

Ashwallet River - Ashuelot River (alternate spelling, from Abenaki nanaswôlek/at the hollow place between)